Challenges of Microfinance Banking in Nigeria - 1603 Words

CHALLENGES OF MICROFINANCE BANKING IN NIGERIA-1 Nigerians, like many other Africans are generally known as their brother’s keepers in view of the extended family system. But when truly analyzed, there is a possibility that this may not be so? Perhaps a hypothetical deep may reveal that not up to 10% of Nigerians would invest in ventures or people that would yield them nothing in return and here I mean, â€Å"Returns in the short run or in the immediate†. The returns may be financial, emotional, spiritual, relational or social. But fact is, there is something the investors expect in return when they give and these could include being worshipped as personal heroes, fear of harassments, fear of being harmed, for family ties, religious ties, being†¦show more content†¦I hear and read the Governor of CBN assuring the public of safety of the Consolidated Banks. But the Similar truths and campaigns should also be carried for the microfinance industry Lack of trust by the poor themselves who believe that the microfinance banks are just like the unregulated community banks and unregulated finance houses. Going by the antecedents of the banking industry in general, no one would blame the people for lack of trust. Only effective and far-reaching campaigns and exhibited trust in the microfinance banks by the government and the regulators can achieve this desirable confidence. An Uneducated Population: A critical ill of the populace in Nigeria is the bottom, bottom level of poor education of the people. A country where less than 10% of the populace pays attention to the print media, less than 20% listen or watch educative audio-visuals is a great challenge to information dissemination. Incidentally, the literally â€Å"very† educated people do not read handbills and communicative documents that deal with those things like microfinance banking since they have no interest in such activities. A survey of how many people would read this documentary would shock you even if the Guardian Newspapers circulate it free to just the middle and upper classers. This attitude is worse with the targeted microfinanceShow MoreRelatedRole Of Microfinance Institutions ( Mfis )1476 Words   |  6 PagesMicrofinance institutions are playing an important role in the delivery of financial services to the poor. Increasingly, these MFIs are for-profit, limited liability companies, the ownership of which is in the hands of multiple shareholders. In most cases, shares are privately held (i.e., not publicly traded). Most such MFIs are licensed financial institutions finance companies and banks. Many are deposit takers. The microfinance industry has directed to change all that by building a financial marketRead MoreAbolition of Universal Banking in Nigeria - Implication for Nigerian Banks10849 Words   |  44 PagesBASEL III AND ABOLITION OF UNIVERSAL BANKING MODEL – IMPLICATION FOR NIGERIAN BANKS Introduction: In the aftermath of the economic recession which pulled down many global banks and exposed multiple weaknesses in regulation and banking structures, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision agreed to new rules on the minimum level (capital ratio) and composite structure of Banks capital on the 12th of September, 2010. Broadly speaking, the new rules which are widely referred to as Basel III (and areRead MoreThe Financial System in Nigeria6376 Words   |  26 PagesThe Financial System in Nigeria: An Overview of Banking Sector Reforms The Financial System in Nigeria: An Overview of Banking Sector Reforms E. J. Ofanson (Ph.D)1 O. M. Aigbokhaevbolo (Ph.D)2 G. O. Enabulu3 Abstract The paper overviews the banking sector reforms within the framework of the Nigerian Financial System. A theoretical approach was adopted although empirical evidence was presented in some cases. It was clear that developments in the banking sub-sector of the Nigerian financial systemRead MoreAdoption of Information and Communication Technology (Ict) in the Banking Sector: Success or Failure?5916 Words   |  24 PagesADOPTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE BANKING SECTOR: SUCCESS OR FAILURE? Ukeh, Moses Ichongo Superlife Consulting, Makurdi 2013 Abstract Nigerian banking industry has become highly ICT-based and is reaping the benefits of technological revolution as evidenced by its application in most of its operations. The objective of this paper was to determine if the Nigerian banks have failed or succeeded in the adoption and use of ICT (see table 2.1). An evaluation ofRead MoreImpact of Microfinance awareness in Kenya12633 Words   |  51 PagesMICROFINANCE AWARENESS AND IMPACT IN KENYA: A CASE OF NAIROBI COUNTY Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The need for development that saw the Kenya develop several strategies and plans such as the vision 2030 and the millennium development goals has led to development of the finance sector. The need for financing of the development projects has developed microfinance institutions in the country. Microfinance has received a lot of attentionRead MoreRole of Micro Finance in Pakistan3889 Words   |  16 Pages200 B.C, which were started in India in shape of moneylenders, chit funds and merchant banks. Ireland and Germany are respectively second and third for starting micro financing activities to reduce poverty in 17th and 18th century respectively. Microfinance in Pakistan has been started in 1970s, government redirected credit was used as a development tool. SBFC, YIPS, SES, and YC were among the first schemes started by the FIs under the indirect political influence of Pakistan government to help un-employedRead MoreKey Constraints to Housing Development Finance in Nigeria.2347 Words   |  10 Pages Key Constraints to Housing Development Finance in Nigeria. A TERM PAPER DEPARTMENT OF ESTATE MANAGEMENT AND VALUATION SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES; FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, NASARAWA, NASARAWA STATE e-mail: fpnas@yahoo.com, Tel.: +234 – 047-66701, 66707 047 – 66238 (DL) JULY, 2012 BY UZOKWE, LAWRENCE CHIDI Department of Estate Management and Valuation School of Environmental Studies The Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State. Email: Uzokwe_Lawrence@Yahoo.Com, 08059128950 ABSTRACTRead MoreEffect of Consolidation on the Performance of Nigeria Banks9468 Words   |  38 PagesIntroduction Banking reforms have been an on going phenomenon around the world right from the 1980s, but it is more intensified in recent time because of the impact of globalisation which is precipitated by continuous integration of the world market and economies. Banking reforms involve several elements that are unique to each country based on historical, economic and institutional imperatives. In Nigeria, the reforms in the banking sector preceded against the backdrop of banking crisis due toRead MoreAn Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: the Examples of Banking and Communication Industries18990 Words   |  76 PagesAvailable online http://www.universalresearchjournals.org/ujmbr Copyright  © 2012 Transnational Research Journals Full Length Research Paper An assessment of the impact of corporate social responsibility on Nigerian society: The examples of banking and communication industries Adeyanju, Olanrewaju David Department of Financial Studies Redeemer’s University, km 46, Lagos Ibadan Expressway Mowe, Ogun State E-mail: davfol@yahoo.com, Tel No.: 07037794073 Accepted 30 January, 2012 In the NigerianRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words   |  73 Pagesthe above statement, there is clearly an important role for microfinance to play in the ‘empowerment’ of women. However, there remains much debate over exactly what this role should look like, as well as over exactly what is meant by the concept of ‘women’s empowerment.’ Much of the debate centers on the perceived tradeoffs between women’s empowerment efforts and organizational financial sustainability. Many microfinance institutions (MFIs) struggle with if and how they should incorporate

Poverty Between Poverty And Poverty - 831 Words

Poverty line is a level of personal or family income below which one is classified as poor according to governmental standards. Generally, a person who falls below this line is without any basic needs like food, shelter, clothing etc. Every government strives to reduce the number of poor people in the country. The poverty line should be defined in such a way that no needy person is left out. Around the world, in rich or poor nations, poverty has always been present. It’s a very important tool in the hands of the policy makers which enables them to make policy decisions specifically. Should be defined in such a way that every needy person gets its benefits. Absolute and relative poverty are both ways of measuring poverty but differ in†¦show more content†¦It takes time, energy and money to measure poverty, since it can only be done properly by gathering survey data directly from households. Even though it can be difficult measuring poverty its highly important to do so . It’s important to keep the poor on the agenda, to target interventions, domestically and worldwide, monitor and evaluate projects and policy interventions geared towards the poor and to evaluate the effectiveness of institutions whose goals is to help the poor. Throughout the years there’s been different poverty guidelines used to determine financial eligibility for certain federal programs. According to the Federal Register by the U.S Department of health and Human Services, â€Å"The poverty thresholds are the original version of the federal poverty measure. They are updated each year by the Census Bureau. The thresholds are used mainly for statistical purposes — for instance, preparing estimates of the number of Americans in poverty each year.† The poverty guidelines are designated by the year in which they are issued. Conservatives generally go with the perspective that less is more. For example, most would agree with the argument that less govern ment action is a better approach for society as a whole. Rather than promoting the idea of social equality, like the Liberal perspective, they promote social inequality. Liberals usually have the perspective that the government should helpShow MoreRelatedPoverty Between Poverty And Poverty1875 Words   |  8 PagesPoverty eradication has become one of the main goals within the last few decades as shown through the recently expired Millennium Development Goals and the subsequent Sustainable Development Goals. Poverty, in turn, is influential as high poverty causes worse health outcomes within a country. Poverty severely affects several aspects of quality of life, such as health, happiness. This makes it important to evaluate the quality of life within a country. Poverty and Inequality have been linked togetherRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Poverty Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesPoverty in America is severe. One third of our population lives under the poverty line. The povert y line being a family of three or more surviving on $36,000 or less. This transfers to 20.5 million people. Seven million of these people being women with children. 6.7% of our population has an income less than 9,000 for a family of three. These numbers are astounding and they are only on the rise. This means that more families are going without food. This means more children are starving and gettingRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Poverty1322 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty has been a prevalent issue that has plagued the world’s economy for years, fortunately, global poverty rates seem to be declining . In order to understand why this decline is occurring, one must first understand levels of poverty. In an article published by The Economist they claims that there are different levels of poverty, they use extreme poverty (absolute poverty), and relative poverty as the two definitions . Extreme poverty refers to the world banks â€Å"poverty line†. In 2011 the †Å"WorldRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Poverty1501 Words   |  7 PagesIndividuals in poverty face their own problems and cope with them in their own way. People in poverty may face problems with their health and well-being (Fauth, Leventhal, and Brooks-Gunn 250). They may not be able to afford medical care, and the environments of poverty could contribute to poor health or injury. Also, poverty leads to a lack of resources which causes a lack in development (Broosky, O’Campo, and Aronson 660). Without the same resources as others, people may not be as well off. TheyRead MoreInequality Between Poverty And Poverty1139 Words   |  5 Pageslast two decades in ending the terms of inequalities and poverty. Many countries are determined to improve their economy, and become fully developed just like the United States. In my home country, Kuwait, poverty do not exist, however, inequalities do. Some of the countries that have done well in the recent past include China, India , Brazil, and South Korea. However, poverty and inequalities are still being realized in the wealthy nation. Poverty and inequalities in the society are the two main factorsRead MorePoverty Between Poverty And Middle Class1454 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is visible anywhere and it happens everywhere, from the richest nations to the poorest. From the youth to the elderly, poverty can dramatically affect anyone. Some grow up in poverty, while others end up in it. Poverty has increased drastically over the years. The blame for the increased poverty has become an extremely controversial subject, as there are many contributing factors to spite each side. It is evident that it is the people in poverty themselves that is the underlying cause ofRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Poverty And Poverty1654 Words   |  7 PagesFifty years after the declaration of war on poverty, an increasing number of children still grow up in poverty in this country. Poverty is now more determinative tha n race as a predictor of student educational success (Reardon, 2013). The achievement gap between the poor and the more economically advantaged child has actually widened over the last three decades (Reardon, 2013). If we are to provide all children with equal and excellent educational opportunities, it is imperative that we utilize theRead MoreThe Link Between Poverty and Crime1654 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Many people living in poverty do not want to be living in poverty. In order to obtain a higher level of socioeconomic status, crime is seen as the only option.† (Wilson, 1987). Crime exists everywhere in the world – in rural and urban areas in many countries, in the East and West, and among all types of people. This has led many government officials, especially those in urban areas, to focus largely on the reduction of crime among their respective constituencies and has led others to speculateRead MoreThe Relationship between Poverty and Crime879 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Poverty and the relationship it has to crime is a long standing sociological, humanists and historical phenomenon. From the plight of the third world to the violence soaked inner city streets of the 1980’s, the relationship of crime and poverty has been the source of a great deal of social commentary. In societies throughout the world and throughout history there has always been a traditional measure of deviance through relative income gaps. Both poverty and crime as well as theirRead MoreRelationship Between Poverty And Crime Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe relationship between poverty and crime will be examined in this literature review. The topic is interesting because there is a relationship between poverty and crime. Society uses a system that separates people by social class. Social class is determined by the total amount of income and wealth that a person has. According to Segal, Gerdes, and Steiner (2013), a person’s living expenses and needs are not met du e to the lack of proper wages would be considered living in poverty; the year 2009 a

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and The Second Coming...

Things fall apart, this phrase being used in both the novel title Things Fall Apart and the poem written by Yeats, â€Å"The Second Coming† keeps us wondering how both are related. Achebe uses Yeats’ poem as an epigraph to foreshadow how the events in the novel later on might occur. Reading the epigraph, we come to understand that Yeats is referring to an image of disaster and to a society that is losing control. In Things Fall Apart, the community faces some changes that affect the lives of certain main characters and leads to a very severe disaster. Achebe uses a lot of imagery and dualism in his novel to portray certain messages to the readers and to clarify his point. Also, Achebe wanted to answer back any writer who criticized the Africans and insulted them. He wanted the voice of the Africans to be heard and to take a stand when the Christians came in and tried to change a lot in the traditions that were present. Both, the poem and the novel are related in a way t hat shows how the downfall of the main character, Okonkwo, happened and what lead to it. Both writers have many things in common in their writings that can be compared in a social and religious way. Achebe uses double meaning in order to pass on his messages to the readers. The epigraph starts by introducing a falcon which doesn’t feel safe and starts to get more out of control. When comparing the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and William butler Yeats poem The Second Coming, at first thereShow MoreRelated Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe vs. The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats492 Words   |  2 Pages â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe vs. â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats When comparing the novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe and William butler Yeats poem â€Å"The Second Coming†, at first there seem to be no similarities except for the phrase â€Å"things fall apart† which is used in both. But as one closely examinee the reasons why both authors use this sentence, one realizes that both of them try to show a great change, which, in the poem is related to reality, while in the novelRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart And William Butler Yeats The Second Coming1128 Words   |  5 Pagesit has been illustrated in the past. This in turn connects the readers with two works that seemingly contradict with the ideas of Miller and can be seen as tragedies, they include Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled withRead More A Comparison of Chaos in Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming850 Words   |  4 PagesChaos in Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats have been considered literary classics. Although there may be a gap between the times of publication, the themes and connotations are strikingly similar. In both works, there is a progression of chaos in time caused by change and eventually leads to an end. Inner conflict plays an important role in both works. In Things Fall Apart, the main characterRead More Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming Essay521 Words   |  3 Pages Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Second Coming nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; By William Butler Yeats nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Turning and turning in the widening gyre nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The falcon cannot hear the falconer, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mere anarchy is loosened uponRead MoreImperialism In The 19Th Century Resulted In European Countries1726 Words   |  7 Pagescountries.When Chinua Achebe published Things fall apart in 1958, a novel criticizing the European aspects of imperialism, his aspiration was to teach readers that â€Å"their past-with all its imperfections-was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(Chinua Achebe on the Role of the African Writer, 1964). Chinua Achebe helped change the western perception of African culture by using the characters and story of Things Fall Apart to give readersRead MoreCompare Things Fall Apart And The Second Coming805 Words   |  4 Pages The novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and the poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by W. B. Yeats are both highly praised pieces of literature. After reading the two works, one can come to the conclusion that there is a st rong correlation amongst them, hence Achebe naming his novel after a line in the poem. Both pieces highlight a strong, stable society that is disturbed by change which comes with much chaos and confusion. In Things Fall Apart, one can interrupt that when you think things are perfectRead MoreChinua Achebe, In His Novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† Masterfully1424 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe, in his novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† masterfully depicts the socials changes and conflicts that occurred due to the infiltration of colonialism in the Nigerian village of Umuofia. The Meriam Webster dictionary defines the term colonialism as â€Å"Control by one power over a dependent area or people† (Meriam Webster). Achebe successfully manages to show the readers of his novel how colonialism occurred within the village of Umuofia, and he does so by revealing downfalls within the beliefs ofRead MoreTragedy And The Common Man By Arthur Miller1675 Words   |  7 Pagesho w it has been illustrated in the past. This in turn hooks the readers with two works that seemingly contradict with the ideas of Miller and can be seen as tragedies, they include Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled withRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1543 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature. Chinua Achebe, the author of Things Fall Apart, said in an interview that the main reason for writing this novel was to encourage other African writers to write about their past in order to refute the stories of the Europeans, claiming that Africans are uncivilized animals, but also shows that the Ibo were not a perfect society, highlighting the parts of Ibo culture that are considered heinous crimes today, in order to prove that there were no truly civilized societies. In his novel Things FallRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart990 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebe Biography Chinua Achebe, the author of  ¨Things Fall Apart ¨, was known for writing about the imposition of white men on African society. Achebe was a Nigerian man who became one of the most well-known authors in the world. His works were inspired by African culture and he helped define African literature. Chinua’s most famous literary work is  ¨Things Fall Apart ¨, but he has many other books that he is known for, including â€Å"No Longer at Ease†,  ¨Arrow of God ¨, and  ¨A Man of the People ¨

Legal Aspects Of Dna Testing - 3367 Words

LaShay Robbins DNA Technologies FRSC 620.102 Research Paper Legal Aspects of DNA Testing and the Scientific Expert in Court DNA testing like many other tools in forensics to identify suspects has been through various evaluations to uncover its validity. These evaluations are necessary because the results of DNA testing can help to exclude, include, and can even be used to convict suspects. The weight of DNA testing is heavy in that can be used to alter a person’s life forever,hence, the legal movements for it to be validated. Some believed that the admissibility of DNA testing into the courts would violate privacy rights or could alert criminals to the evidence that could be left behind when they commit a crime. The arguments that†¦show more content†¦The proper training certificates, proficiency test results, curriculum vitae, employment history are some of the documents the courts use to qualify someone as a Scientific Expert. Through the education and experience they receive, a scientific expert should be able to explain and teach both lawyers and jurors how DNA testing work and how th ey were able to arrive at their results and conclusions. Their explanations and teachings may involve the use of presentations, literary references, and even scenarios that would help to view the advantages of evidence in every aspect without bias. One reason for exploring and determining the legal aspects of DNA testing is that there are so many factors involved. From sample collection to analyzing results, every step in processing must be handled with the greatest of care. Because DNA testing is now something that is looked for by jurors, the defense attorneys will go through every process used to make sure that proper procedures were followed and that there are no bias elements involved. For this reason, DNA testing procedures must be documented. Notes should be taken before, and during processing. A chain of custody document should also be used to keep an accurate log of the evidence. All of the burdens involved in the legal aspects of DNA testing however, does not fall on the Scientific Expert. The courts must also follow proper procedures to ensure a solid conviction. The proper channels should be investigated

Scope of Sustainable Business Marketing Click Now to Get Solution

Questoin: Discuss the scope of sustainability, comparative advantage and ethical and social responsibilities? Answer: Introduction about Sustainability Businesses are required to market their products and services with a view to create awareness within their target customers for the products and services as offered by them. But in relation to such marketing of products and services, an important concept that has emerged significantly is the sustainability concept. Sustainability in the marketing is defined as a process which involves the promotion of products and services in a manner that has favourable impact on the society and environment at large. Sustainability by itself is defined as a concept that suggests the conservation or utilisation of resources in a manner that has positive level of impact on the environment. The resources are utilised in a manner that accounts for their preservation for the future generation of people. It is therefore responsible way of undertaking business activities aimed at satisfying the needs and expectations of large number of stakeholders of the organisation (Sahay, 2006). In addition to this, th e sustainability practice needs to be incorporated in respect to the marketing practice so that the best possible value can be provided to customers. The customers have the right to get accessibility to best possible information and this requires practising sustainability in the process. This report is focused towards analysing the scope of sustainability with emphasis on the potential of sustainable marketing in particular. The analysis also focuses on the themes and principles of sustainable marketing including the risks and challenges of sustainable marketing. An analysis of the comparative advantage from sustainability marketing is also carried out, and the framework for sustainability marketing. The importance of sustainably pricing the products and services will also be assessed in this report. Finally, the role of ethical and social responsibilities in relation to sustainable marketing and the implication of social media would be discussed. Scope of Sustainability In respect to the scope of sustainability is concerned, an analysis indicates that sustainability has huge potential of scope in respect to all the fields. This is mainly because sustainability forces on responsible development of activities and this particular factor enhances its scope for acceptability with large stakeholders. Sustainability in marketing also has huge scope because the adaptation of sustainable business practices in marketing would lead to positive and favourable attitude of customers towards such business. The scope of sustainability especially in respect to marketing is available because there has been increasing number of fraudulent practices undertaken by marketers such as deceptive marketing with a view to target their customers efficiently. An analysis of the history of sustainability indicates that this concept was identified for the first time in a German forestry manual in 1700s. However, the concept has witnessed significant amount of development since th en which resulted into the higher level of practice of this concept by modern day businesses (The complex history of sustainability timeline, 2009). The scope of sustainability in respect to the field of marketing is significantly higher. This is evident from the fact that companies are marketing their products and services in the 21st century by reflecting the negative features associated with it. This indicates that there has been positive level of approach being undertaken by companies in the 21st century because they have realised the importance of marketing in a sustainable way. The importance of disclosing true and complete information about the products and services is essential and this attitude and approach towards sustainable marketing shows that the focus has been clear that companies are aimed to remain sustainable. Thus, there has been significant level of scope available in respect to sustainable marketing. Potential of Sustainable Marketing This section of analysis is now aimed at evaluating the potential of sustainable marketing and there would be the consideration of relevant examples in analysing such potential. As sustainability is concerned with the responsible usage of resources, it is essential for businesses that they should focus on adapting responsible practices that are environmental friendly and results into the positive support of the welfare and development of community at large. Marketing in a sustainable way implies the undertaking of promotions of companys products in a manner that is safe and aimed at educating the true aspects or values that the product delivers. Sustainable marketing is therefore the efforts placed by markers in marketing their products and services offerings with a view to educate the actual benefits of the products, and encouraging sustainable consumption of the same (Visser, Matten, Pohl and Tolhurst, 2010). In respect to the future of such sustainability marketing concept, it can be regarded as highly positive because of its higher level of relevance within modern day organisations. There has been increasing number of organisations that have started considering the applicability of this concept in performing their business practices and processes. Marketing in a sustainable way is considered by businesses by way of even promoting their negative aspects of business performance. This has been a strategic move by businesses whereby they showcase their positive as well as negative aspects with a view to educate their customers for the same. The marketing is done for negative performances as well so that its stakeholders can be educated with respect to the companys overall performance. This shows a positive future for the adaptation of sustainable practices by businesses in future, as their current marketing performances shows that they do not hesitate in showing their negative performance a reas (Idowu and Filhom, 2008). An analysis of businesses indicates that there is large number of businesses across the world that has already adopted this concept of sustainability in marketing their business practices. They have identified the importance of sustainability which has encouraged them in practising this concept to a higher level. As for example, there are businesses that have focused towards developing products that contributes towards sustainability brand image to their overall performance. Examples of such products include eco-friendly cars, passive houses, fair trade products, products supported on solar power and many more. The products itself are sustainable and their marketing is also considered in a sustainable way. The resulting impact is therefore the increasing acceptability within customers for such sustainable products and services and this is an indicator of their positive level of performance in future. A product by Toyota known as Toyota Prius is the most efficient example of marketing in a sustainable manner (Ottman, 2011). Procter and Gamble (PG) is also an important multinational company that has considered the adaptation of this approach to sustainable marketing. The company has adopted this approach by way of integrating the concept of sustainability across different faces of its product life cycle chain. In addition to this, practices such as packaging of products and services, supply chain management, and also the RD practices as undertaken by the company are aimed at improving its sustainability performance, and they are aimed at creating an image that could lead to its favourable recognition as the green company. The products as developed by PG are marketed as environmental friendly and they have minimal or no impact on the environment. The emphasis is completely placed on sustainable marketing by the company (Marketing Principles for Sustainable Businesses, 2010). Themes and Principles of Sustainable Marketing The important themes and principles of sustainability marketing are analysed in this particular section of analysis. The importance would also be given in analysing the surprising, inspirational and challenges factor associated with such concept of sustainable marketing in particular. The key theme in the entire concept of sustainability marketing as analysed is that the concept focuses highly on the performance of ecosystems. It emphasises on taking activities efficiently so that entire stakeholders of the organisation gets benefitted out of it. The marketing processes of businesses can be regarded as sustainable if the focus has been on educating customers fairly about the products of the company without the intention of deceiving them. Apart from this, the principle of sustainable marketing suggests that it is focused more on the green factor, as the businesses focuses on achieving green environmental performance. The inclusion of green practices not only allows the organisation i n becoming sustainable, but it also allows them in remaining accountable to the community and society in which they operate. Apart from this, adaptation of green and sustainable practices also results into charging of fair prices by organisations from their customers. Overall, sustainability principles suggest that they are concerned with the development and welfare of society, community, environment and customers. An analysis of the important factors related to sustainability marketing is performed as follows (Chhabra, 2010). Surprising Aspects of Sustainability Marketing: The surprising aspect in relation to the application of concept of sustainable marketing implies that it is mainly the disclosure of negative performances that companies have to perform. Although there is a requirement for disclosing the negative aspect associated with companys performance, yet this practice ensures the positive attainment of organisational goals and allows the opportunity of attaining competitive advantage in particular. The surprising aspect from this concept is that it requires disclosure of practices such as green house gas emissions performed by the organisation, the vulnerabilities to their employees in performing their roles and responsibilities, and also the areas of negative performance. The importance of making disclosure of such of negative aspects is crucial in achieving sustainable marketing. As for example, tobacco selling companies clearly promotes that tobacco consumption is injurious to health, and this has been the most surprising aspect related to this concept of sustainability marketing (Brockett and Rezaee, 2012). Inspirational Aspect of Sustainability Marketing: This concept of sustainable marketing is also inspirational from a number of perspectives. As for instance, the most inspirational aspect associated with this concept is that the companies that have adverse impact on the performance of environment are also considering the application of this particular concept in their business practices. As for example, oil and gas companies have adverse impact on the performance of environment because the performance of their business activities and processes has direct impact on the environment in terms of emission of hazardous gases. However, the most inspirational aspect associated with such practice is that these oil and gas companies also discloses their negative performance of emitting hazardous gases as a part of their sustainability marketing initiative (Dato-on, 2014). Challenging Aspect of Sustainability Marketing: In terms of challenging aspect of sustainability marketing, the most challenging is to make every organisation in adapting this practice. Although there has been higher level of acceptance within businesses regarding this concept, yet it has been analysed that the concept of sustainability marketing requires the disclosure of performance activities that have direct impact on environment. Thus persuading businesses to adapt this approach of marketing has been a major challenging factor. These aspects are crucial and a detailed consideration would allow businesses in achieving competitiveness in respect to their performance (Blewitt, 2012). Risk and Challenges of Sustainable Marketing In considering this practice of sustainability marketing, there are certain major risks and challenges that are also evident. As for instance, the major risk of sustainability marketing is that its inefficient consideration would result into the negative image to the organisation. The disclosure of negative performance areas to a higher level would also risk the performance of the organisation, and this could therefore impact the overall sustainability of the organisation in long run. Thirdly, the challenging aspect with sustainability marketing concept is that it requires huge costs to be incurred by the company in achieving sustainable performance so that it can be disclosed in their sustainability report. Thus, it becomes difficult for the smaller firms to achieve sustainability performance (Doppelt, 2003). Comparative Advantage Comparative advantage is the advantage achieved by a firm over others. The consideration of this sustainability practice is likely to allow the organisation in achieving comparative advantage over others, and the most likely reason supporting this fact is that there has been higher preference within customers for the companys products that ensures the performance of sustainable processes in their business practices (Dunphy, 2000). Framework of Sustainable Marketing Based on the analysis of the concept of sustainability marketing, a framework has been considered appropriate and a study as conduced by Crittenden, Ferrell and Pinney (2010) indicated an important framework as follows: The above framework of the sustainability marketing is a market oriented model in achieving sustainability. Ethical and Social Responsibilities Ethical values are highly important to an organisation because they determined the morality in respect to the organisations approaches in performing activities. Ethical and social responsibilities of an organisation in relation to marketing of their products are that they should clearly provide the message about their products to their final consumers without deceiving the audience. They should introduce all the information with respect to their products and services to their consumers so that final decisions can be undertaken by them in an efficient manner. Sustainability marketing also emphasises businesses to act in a responsible manner not only towards their customers but it also emphasises ethics towards the society at large. It is therefore the ethical and social responsibility of an organisation to act in the interest of the public and sustainable marketing in an important way in achieving this (Gonzalez-Perez and Leonard, L. 2013). Improvement Methods in Supply Chain and Sustainable Pricing of Products Supply chain is another important consideration that needs be made in performing the sustainable marketing of products and services. It is highly essential that supply chain should be sustainable enough so that the real value of sustainable marketing can be achieved. In addition to this, sustainable pricing is also an important factor that must be considered in marketing the products and services into a sustainable manner. The prices should be reasonable for the products and services so that they accounts for offering value to the final consumers and thereby maintains a sustainable image of the entire organisation. In respect to the existence of relationship between supply chain and sustainable marketing, it can be analysed that there exists positive relationship. This is mainly because the parties involved in the supply chain are crucial in achieving operational efficiency. Sustainable marketing is all about providing true and fair view of the performance of an organisation and also its products and services. In this relation, it is essential that the supply chain partners should also adapt a sustainable approach so that the overall image of the products as offered by the company can be improved. The resulting impact would be better possibility of marketing it in a sustainable manner. Apart from the above, supply chain and sustainable pricing of product also involves positive level of relationship. As for instance, the efficiency in the supply chain allows effectiveness, and the benefit of which can be utilised by companies in improving their offerings to customers. Such efficiency would enhance organisations processes and they in turn would enable them to market in a sustainable manner. The attainment of cost efficiency in the process and positive level of contribution by all the members in the supply chain would reduce the potential that the company would charge higher prices for its offerings. The reasonable pricing for its products also allows them in meeting out their customer needs positively through encouraging sustainable marketing practice. Social Media Technology has a crucial role to play in every major domains and in respect to sustainability marketing, the implication of this technological factor is crucial. The marketing functions can be positively carried out by way of making use of technology. Technological application can be possible in marketing by way of digital media as this digital medial allows for reaching wide range of target audiences effectively. The significance of digital media is therefore higher in performing the marketing process. This digital media is available in the form of social media such as the use of Facebook, Twitter etc and these could be utilised in promoting the use of sustainability in the marketing practices by businesses. As the digital media allows for easy accessibility to wide audience, the promotion of sustainable marketing could be performed efficiently across target audiences (Hawkes, 2001). Conclusion In this report, a critical assessment has been carried out in respect to the concept of sustainability marketing and its principles and themes associated with it. The performance of analysis revealed findings that sustainability marketing is a process of marketing organisations activities with a view to ensure fair education of customers regarding the products and services that are offered by the company. The analysis indicated about different important themes of sustainability marketing, and also highlighted about the inspirational and challenging aspects associated with such concept. On the basis of analysis as carried out, it is also evaluated that there are risks and challenges associated with the concept of sustainable marketing, and the possibility of attaining comparative advantage is higher. Finally, the role of social media has been identified as significant in promoting sustainable marketing practices within businesses. References Brockett, A. and Rezaee, Z. (2012), Corporate Sustainability: Integrating Performance and Reporting, John Wiley Sons. Blewitt, J. (2012), Understanding Sustainable Development, Routledge. Crittenden, V.L., Crittenden, W.F., Ferrell, L. and Pinney, C.C. (2011), Market-oriented sustainability: a conceptual framework and propositions, International Journal of Academic Marketing Science, Vol. 39, pp. 71-85. Chhabra, D. (2010), Sustainable Marketing of Cultural and Heritage Tourism, Routledge. Doppelt, B. (2003). Leading Change Towards Sustainability: A Change Management Guide. Greenleaf Publishing. Pp. 169. Dunphy, D. C. (2000). Sustainability: The Corporate Challenge of the 21st Century. Allen Unwin. Pp. 19. Dato-on, M.C. (2014), The Sustainable Global Marketplace: Proceedings of the 2011 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, Springer. Gonzalez-Perez, M. and Leonard, L. (2013), International Business, Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility, Emerald Group Publishing. Hawkes, J. (2001). The fourth pillar of sustainability: culture's essential role in public planning. Common Ground. Pp. 25. Idowu, S.O. and Filhom, W.L. (2008), Global Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer. Marketing Principles for Sustainable Businesses, (2010) [Online]. Available at: https://www.sus-bus.com/green-marketing-in-sustainable-business/ [Accessed: 20 March 2015]. Ottman, J. (2011). Toyotas Prius: Different Strokes for Different Folks [Online]. Available at: https://www.greenmarketing.com/blog/comments/toyotas-prius-different-strokes-for-different-folks/ [Accessed: 20 March 2015]. Sahay, B.S. (2006), Green Business, Allied Publishers. The complex history of sustainability timeline, (2009) [Online]. Available at: https://sustainabilityreloaded.wordpress.com/2009/02/18/the-complex-history-of-sustainability-timeline/ [Accessed: 20 March 2015]. Visser, W., Matten, D., Pohl, M. and Tolhurst, N. (2010), The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility, 2nd ed., John Wiley Sons.

Motivational Interviewing free essay sample

Is a therapeutic interviewing style which is intended to help clinicians work with their clients to find out the client’s constant fluctuation between conflicting behaviors and thoughts. The first stage of motivational interviewing is pre-contemplation. In this stage of motivational interviewing, the client is not yet considering change or is unwilling or unable to change. In this particular stage there are important motivational strategies that the counselor must consider. The counselor must first establish rapport, ask permission, and build trust with the client. The counselor must also address any doubts or concerns that the client may have about substance-using patterns. Lastly, the counselor must be sure to express concerns and keep the door open to any other questions. The second stage of motivational interviewing is contemplation. In this stage, the client acknowledges having concerns about change and begins considering the possibility of changing but is still indecisive. In this stage, the counselor must let the client know that it is normal to be undecided at this point. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Interviewing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The counselor must also help the client lean towards change and bring forth self-motivational statements about change from the client. The third stage of motivational interviewing is preparation. In this stage of motivational interviewing, the client is committed and planning to change soon but is still indecisive on what to do. In this stage, the counselor must find out treatment expectancies and the client’s role in treatment. The counselor must also rule out the client’s own goals regarding treatment. The counselor must also begin negotiating change with the client and begin building a plan. Lastly, the counselor can help the client find social support during treatment. The fourth stage of motivational interviewing is action. In this stage, the client has begun taking steps towards change but is still not in a stable state. In this stage, the counselor must keep the client on the right track to recovery and constantly emphasize the importance of remaining in recovery. The counselor must also help the client in identifying high risk situations which would cause them to use again, and help them develop strategies in order to avoid these situations. The fifth stage of motivational interviewing is Maintenance. In this stage, the client has fully met his/her initial goals such as remaining abstinent and is now simply working on remaining additional gains. In this stage, the counselor supports the client’s lifestyle changes and helps the client follow new plans on how to avoid returning to using drugs or alcohol. Lastly, the counselor reviews any long term goals that have not yet been addressed with the client.